Presumably more than one factor will have an impact in any given instance of intralingual translation and the boundaries between the factors are far from watertight in this article, the categories have been used solely for explanatory purposes and they can, with no doubt, be further developed or regrouped. Accessibility Statement. . The etymology is from the Latin, translat-"carried across", "To translate, one must have a style of his own, for otherwise, the translation will have no rhythm or nuance, which come from the process of artistically thinking through and molding the sentences; they cannot be reconstituted by piecemeal imitation. Where does translation stop and something else take over, e.g. Throughout the article the discussion will rely on an open definition of translation which reflects the many-faceted nature of the activity. This is especially true when a nation is weak and backward. What they offer is a description of the fundamental activity of translation, but a description which relies on open concepts and which is therefore able and willing to include a whole range of examples, from the prototypical to the peripheral, depending on the distance in question from the prototypical definition of the concepts involved. Og hun fdte sin sn, den frstefdte, og svbte ham og lagde ham i en krybbe, thi der var ikke plads til dem i herberget. Intralingual translations instigated by the parameter of space (reducing/extending translations) are typically various kinds of summarizing (such as prcis-writing, shortened versions of classical texts such as easy-readers, news reporting or subtitling for the deaf (Snell-Hornby 2006: 21) or extension/addition, which is typically seen when explanation is needed due to comprehension limits in the target group caused by time, culture or lack of knowledge. The novel had been neglected by the major scholars for a couple of decades until it was discovered by Lu Xun () and Hu Shi(). The most classic example of interlingual translation is "The cat is on the table" - "Il gatto sul tavolo". (Michael Cunningham, "Found in Translation." Intersemiotic translation - translation of the verbal sign by a non-verbal sign, for example, music or image. Unlike the other versions, the New Testament in everyday Danish has a preface in which the translators explain their strategy: You cannot blindly translate from source language to target language without disturbing the original meaning. To this end, five different versions of the same text have been analysed. This chapter describes the broad phenomenon of intralingual translation, better known by such terms as reformulation, rewording, or paraphrasing. By closing this message, you are consenting to our use of cookies. RIS Typical intralingual translations instigated by the parameter of knowledge (explanatory translations) are typically of the expert-to-layman kind (patient package inserts containing information on medicine, tax leaflets based on new legislation, manuals for durable consumer goods) or childrens versions (easy-readers) of classical texts. As already pointed out, all strategies found in the intralingual versions are well-known within interlingual translation, but not necessarily with the aim of simplification and not to the extent seen in intralingual translation. Which is the main characteristics of Interlingual translation? Newmark, as a case in point, would consider such activities to be what he terms restricted translation falling outside the scope of translation theory proper (Gutt 1991/2000: 394; Newmark 1981: 12). It was Eileen Chang ( who turned this novel in Wu dialect into modern Chinese vernacular, with different book titles as The Flowers in Blossom and The Fall of the Flowers. The similarities cannot be denied, they overlap and criss-cross the family resemblance is definitely there. Tymoczko (1998, 2005) is not particularly concerned with intralingual translation, but her arguments for a broad perception of translation are very relevant. Syntactical changes making the text more contemporary, 1948 Og fordi Josef var af Davids hus og slaegt, drog ogs han op fra, And because Joseph was of the house and lineage of David, also he went up from [], 1992 Ogs Josef drog op frafordi han var af Davids hus og slaegt, Also Joseph went up from because he was of the house and lineage of David [], 1948 Og det skete, medens de var der, kom tiden, da hun skulle fde, And it happened, while they were there, came the time, when she were to give birth, 1992 Og mens de var dr, kom tiden, da hun skulle fde, And while they were there, came the time, when she were to give birth. The first thing that springs to mind when comparing the family picture Bible from 1973 with the authorised version from 1948 is the high number of words in the family version, namely 236 compared to 92 words in the 1948 version. At one point we have a writer in a room, struggling to approximate the impossible vision that hovers over his head. [] to be taxed in the city from which their people originally came. In Denmark, and presumably in many other countries, there is an ever-increasing demand that expert knowledge be made accessible to the general public. This article argues for the proper inclusion of intralingual translation on the grounds of its many similarities with interlingual translation. Newmarks definition (1999) is very narrow indeed; it includes only translation proper and strongly relies on the much criticised concept of equivalence (Snell-Hornby 1988; Zethsen 2004). Intralingual vs. Interlingual translaiton - a comparative analysis of strategies in text production In translation studies, a distinction can be made between interlingual translation and intralingual translation, depending on whether translation occurs between two languages or in one language. I can express the notion 'four year old male uncastrated domesticated reindeer' in English. The New York Times, Oct. 2, 2010), "Just as there are no exact synonyms within a language ('big' does not mean precisely the same as 'large'), there are no exact matches for words or expressions across languages. We therefore acknowledge our responsibility in the editorial interpretation of the source text The translation is thus a free translation, neither a word-for-word translation, nor a paraphrase.[11]. When planning this case study, a number of different examples of intralingual translation were considered. What is Intralingual example? For explanatory purposes, Jakobsons definition sets the two kinds of translation apart (though both are defined as examples of a translational activity). I completely agree, and this is why I think that by neglecting a whole strand of translation activities (which may not be translation proper but which nevertheless share strong family resemblances), we lose out on useful insights. Cookies at au.dk Arguing against the classical theory of categorisation, which involves shared properties as conditions for category membership, strictly objective conditions for category membership and clear boundaries between categories, i.e., no borderline cases (in logic the specification of necessary and/or sufficient conditions is used to determine category membership, to provide precise definitions), Wittgenstein introduced the very pragmatic and empirically-based (that is, not on formal logic) open concept of family resemblances (also called the cluster concept) and argued that this is what unites the category of game, for instance (Wittgenstein 1953/1958: section 66-67). Bibelen (1992): (The 1992 Danish authorised version of the Bible.) In principle, functional translation theory has narrowed the gap between intralingual and interlingual translation. When planning this case study, a number of different examples of intralingual translation were considered. lingual translation. The only thing that remains from verse 4 And Joseph also went up from Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, into Judaea, unto the city of David, which is called Bethlehem; (because he was of the house and lineage of David) is the fact that Joseph and Maria are going to Bethlehem, everything else has been omitted. In theory, translation studies does not exclude intralingual translation, but de facto empirical studies or discussions on the subject of intralingual translation are few and far between. Intralingual translation, according to Jakobsen's definition, can be understood as a rewording or paraphrasing, that is, expressing approximately the same meaning in "different forms of the same . A closer look reveals that the extended number of words comes from a large number of factual explanations and the addition of factual information to enhance childrens understanding of the text. The changes made centre around the level of background knowledge and ability of comprehension of the target group. The parameter of time is of course related to the parameters of culture and knowledge, but in this case it is the diachronic factor which results in the lack of knowledge or cultural understanding; this is the reason for the new authorised version from 1992, for example, and is an important element in the everyday version (even in cases where a reader is able to read and understand the old authorised version from 1948, it will take him less time to process the everyday version). And she brought forth her firstborn son, and wrapped him in swaddling clothes, and laid him in a manger; because there was no room for them in the inn. Case study results and discussion of results, http://www.seikilos.com.ar/TranslationDialogue.pdf. seen in intralingual translation are more extreme than is generally the case in translation proper. This relationship can take many forms and by no means rests on the concept of equivalence, but rather on the skopos of the target text. In order to answer these questions, two experiments will be set up in which professional text producers and students will be asked to translate a scientific text into a popular text. Many of the strategies used to create the different Bible versions are common within translation proper as well this applies to strategies such as omission, objective addition, explicitation, restructuring and paraphrase. Jakobson argued for a broad, inclusive definition of translation as a phenomenon fundamental to all language transactions. turdstool (West Country for a very substantial cowpat). [] and Joseph made a bed for the child in the manger. Usually, transliteration handles only Out-Of-Vocabulary . The first intralingual workshop in the field of translation was held in 2014 at Bogazici University in Istanbul. intralingual translation between dialects, sociolects, and patois diamesic translation, i.e. Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine. Learn more about how FutureLearn is transforming access to education. resembles the challenge within intralingual translation of transmitting the same message in the linguistic style of another genre e.g. ThoughtCo, Aug. 28, 2020, thoughtco.com/translation-language-1692560. Nordquist, Richard. Apart from the obvious difference of the number of national languages involved, the most significant difference seems to be that in many kinds of intralingual translation simplification[14] is the keyword. ThoughtCo. Korning (Yang Zijian, Citation2005:62). But our tongue lacks the economy of information packaging found in Tofa, a nearly extinct tongue I studied in Siberia. Ny Testamente p hverdagsdansk (1985/2002): (The New Testament in everyday Danish.) In one instance, the newer version replaces a modern-sounding expression Gik hen (went up to) with an older one, namely Drog hen, but probably because Drog hen is the more semantically correct expression. Maria and Joseph gave him the name Jesus, just as the angel had told them to. However, it is suggested that the de facto degree of freedom is larger in intralingual translation than in most instances of translation proper. Two features differ significantly from all the other intralingual translations, including the other Bible for children, namely firstly the fact that the structure of the text has been changed radically and does not follow the traditional structure (restructuring of the order of information is also seen in the family Bible from 1973, but in this version for very small children the restructuring is much more radical) and secondly that quite a number of content omissions have been made. The source texts in this case can be a classic text, or text in dialect which . Consumers, patients, taxpayers, etc. However, the extension also comes from subjective additions to the text, presumably to make it come more alive to children, but also in a few instances to vent the translators own views. And Joseph also went up from Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, into Judaea, unto the city of David, which is called Bethlehem; (because he was of the house and lineage of David:). The changes made centre around the difference in time between the two versions and the aim is to make a traditional, close translation/version gently brought up to date to make it more accessible to contemporary readers. The changes made centre around the level of background knowledge and ability of comprehension of the target group. A translator can take, in this case, the advantage of previous intralingual translations as a remedy for his interpretation of classic Chinese texts. I do believe, however, that they point in the right direction, but we need much more empirically-based research to provide a thorough and comprehensive description of intralingual translation and of the similarities and differences between intralingual and interlingual translation. On the basis of the case study and assisted by introspection and the more or less stray sentences of the literature referred to above, the main factors that seem to be influential in intralingual translation (and at the same time, the very reasons for the existence of intralingual translation) have been examined. Chesterman (2018, this issue) notes that 'whether we lump interlingual and intralingual translation together into a single category, or propose a split into two categories, depends entirely on the purpose (s) we envisage for such a categorization'. Register a free Taylor & Francis Online account today to boost your research and gain these benefits: Editor-in-Chief Guangxi University and Tsinghua University, China, Comparative Textology and English Translation of Chinese Classics, Asia Pacific Translation and Intercultural Studies, Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing & Allied Health. However, there are lots of less obvious examples, especially when it comes to ambiguous or idiomatic sentences, such as sayings, which are often hard to translate Interlingual machine translation is one of the classic approaches to machine translation. It occurs when some ideas expressed verbally are translated into images and/or movement. In spite of the highly influential texts of Jakobson and Steiner and in spite of their claim of close affinity between interlingual and intralingual translation, translation studies often excludes intralingual translation either deliberately or de facto. Despite differences and diverse points of view among its participants, the conference was both provocative and productive. USA: P.S.I. A good sample is Bangqing Hans Sing-song Girls of Shanghai. titre de comparaison, il est propos une description gnrale de la traduction interlinguale et de ses caractristiques sur la base de cinq versions danoises diffrentes dune mme section de la Bible et dune analyse des micro-stratgies loeuvre dans chacune de ces versions. Not surprisingly, the Danish authorised version from 1992 resembles the authorised version from 1948. Intralingual translation Qubecois - French SL = TL Malay - Indonesian SW = TW Scriptural translation Transliteration Transcription . Within polysystem theory and the realms of literary translation (Even-Zohar 1990) we do find some work on intralingual or intersemiotic translation (Weissbrod 1998, 2004; Shavit 1986). Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page Jakobson builds on Pierces theory of signs and meaning and postulates that the meaning of any linguistic sign is its translation into some further, alternative sign (Jakobson 1959/2000: 114). The third function of intralingual translation, proposed by Xuanmin Luo at the Bogacizi conference in 2014, is the function of shaping a nations modernity, which is a structural concept dealing with the transformation of whole societies, ideologies, social structure and culture. expert-to-lay translation & interpreting) intralingual translation as adaptation of classics for children 643-890, 3. The codes of different discourse communities within the same language may be almost as different from each other as two different national languages (Kirkness 1997: 5). He does the best he can but is never satisfied. What is so remarkable here is that this illusory effect conceals the numerous conditions under which the translation is made . The source texts in this case can be a classic text, or text in dialect which, for its peculiar pronunciation and expressions, was only easily understood by its local neighborhood. The parameter of knowledge often involves interpretation (explicitation, explanation, addition) of information which may be objective (It can be very cold outside in the winter in Judaea []) or subjective (the political/feminist comments of the 1973 family Bible). a comparative analysis of strategies in text production. 2002 indskrive p mandtalslisterne (register on the census), 2002 i den by, de stammede fra (in the town from which they came), 2002 svbte ham i et taeppe (wrapped him in a blanket), Everyday language instead of formal or archaic language, 1948 af Davids hus og slaegt (of Davids house and lineage), 2002 efterkommer af Kong David (decendants of King David), 1948 Og det skete medens, de var der, kom tiden, da hun skulle fde (And it happened, while they were there, came the time when she were to give birth), 2002 Da de nede frem til Betlehem, kom tidspunktet, da hun skulle fde (When they reached Bethlehem, came the time when she were to give birth), 1948 Og hun fdte sin sn, den frstefdte (And she gave birth to her son, the firstborn), 2002 Maria fik sit frste barn en dreng (Maria had her first child a boy), 2002 kroen (more contemporary word for an inn). Or the translation is not in writing, but takes place automatically while we read and process the old text as Steiner (1975: 28) argues.[13]. There he was, warm and comfortable like his mother in the stall. I think it is possible to describe translation (and not finitely define it) by means of Jakobsons three dimensions in combination with Tourys more specific description of a source text and a transfer. Karen As we have seen, it may take the form of considerable reduction of the text by leaving out what is deemed to be superfluous information in order to make the processing of the text easier. Intralingual translation or rewriting, according to Roman Jakobson, is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of the same languages. [] because it is always warm in a stable with animals, especially if they are cows. Interlingual translation, or translation proper, is seen naturally enough also by translation scholars as the classic, prototypical kind of translation and many scholars even want to limit research to very restricted definitions of translation proper (Tymoczko 2005: 1096, footnote 3). The aim of the description is to function as a tertium comparationes when trying to determine family resemblances. At the EST 2004 conference in Lisbon (proceedings forthcoming), Denton dealt with intercultural translation in his paper Waterlogged Somewhere in Mid-Atlantic: Why American Readers Need Intralingual Translation but Dont Often Get It. Rollason (2006: 5) refers to Denton who showed that even an English original can encounter communication barriers when crossing the Atlantic and exemplified with: Sue Townsends novel of 1982 The Secret Diary of Adrian Mole, Aged 13 3/4, a cult best-seller in Britain but far less successful in the US, where its very British cultural codes and slang terms have impeded readers enjoyment, to the point where Denton even suggests the case points up the need for intralingual translation. Examples and Observations Intralingual translation - translation within the same language, which can involve rewording or paraphrase; Interlingual translation - translation from one language to another, and. It occurs when some ideas expressed verbally are translated into images and/or movement. Nevertheless, conclusive findings have yet to be reached regarding the effectiveness of integrating subtitles into L2 classrooms. Eva Hung ( later revised Eileen Changs translation with an introduction and had it published by Columbia University Press. A transfer has taken place and the target text has been derived from the source text (resulting in a new product in another language, genre or medium), i.e. It would furthermore be interesting to investigate who carry out intralingual translations in real life, what kind of source texts they are based on and in which ways the relationship between the source text and the target text may differ between intralingual and interlingual translation? Tofa equips reindeer herders with words like 'chary' with the above meaning. In order to simplify, the text may also be heavily paraphrased or restructured. Intralingual definition: (linguistics, translation studies) Contained within the same language ; involving a monolingual process. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Even though the empirical study of intralingual translation is meagre, no one can deny that intralingual translation is a widespread phenomenon and that it is easy to find many very different instances of this kind of translation (within expert-layman communication, for instance, they abound).

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