1000 to 2000 mg (10 to 20 mL) IV one time at a rate not to exceed 0.5 to 2 mL/min. Can be used by both dogs and cats. Calcium gluconate is an ingredient found in a variety of supplements and vitamins, and is used to lower potassium in the blood or treat magnesium poisoning.. Generic Name Calcium gluconate DrugBank Accession Number DB11126 Background. When treating calcium channel blocker toxicity, a dose of calcium gluconate can be given as a bolus or continuous infusion. Calcium Gluconate in Sodium Chloride Injection is contraindicated in: alHyperc cemia Idiopathic hypercalcemia has been described in cats, with Persians being over-represented. /2022 Commonly prescribed for: . When expressed at the sinus node and on myocardial cells these perturbations cause classic electrocardiographic abnormalities associated with the severity of hyperkalemia. British Small Animal Veterinary Association, Woodrow House, 1 Telford Way, Waterwells Business Park, Quedgeley, Gloucester, GL2 2AB, United Kingdom. The acceptability of these preparations is low due to persistent side effects including nausea, constipation, gastrointestinal ulceration and necrosis. Available for Android and iOS devices. Small breed dogs: 1250 mg per day. The dosage of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol) is 0.030.06 mcg/kg per day. Dystocia refers to abnormal or difficult birth. All information is peer reviewed. In more severe cases of poisoning, such as in the case of hypercalcemia or kidney trouble, the veterinarian may need to commence more intensive treatment. 11 to 24 years: 1200 mg/day As discussed above, hypocalcemia is common following surgical therapy for parathyroid gland adenoma or carcinoma. Cardiac arrest in the presence of hyperkalemia or hypocalcemia, magnesium toxicity, or calcium antagonist toxicity: Dosage expressed in mg of calcium gluconate: IV or intraosseous IO: The probable way that calcium ions affect sodium channels is that calcium ions bind to the exterior surfaces of the channels. A pretreatment total serum calcium concentration of <7 mg/dL in dogs or < 6 mg/dL in cats confirms the diagnosis; noting that reference values vary between laboratories. Rarely, mastitis is seen in lactating read more , should also be excluded. Slow intravenous administration of 10% calcium gluconate0.5-1.5 mL/kg over 10-30 minutes (5-20 mL is a typical dose)is an effective treatment for eclampsia, usually resulting in clinical improvement within 15 minutes. The paresis observed in cattle, rather than the tetany evident in dogs, is probably results from a combination of factors. The incidence is higher in small breeds of dogs, although eclampsia can occur in any breed, with any size of litter, and at any time during lactation. Calcium gluconate may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide. calcium gluconate) and strength (i.e. Presumptive diagnosis based on signalment and clinical signs, Confirmatory diagnosis based on results of measurement of serum calcium concentration. Calcium gluconate 10% is used as a calcium source for animals with symptomatic hypocalcemia, such as that associated with eclampsia, hypoparathyroidism, acute pancreatitis, and renal failure. Medium dogs that weigh between 20 to 45 pounds should get 500 mg a day. Check the label on your brand of this medicine to see if it should be taken with or without food. Sodium bicarbonate can be administered empirically at 1-2 mmol/kg intravenously over 20 minutes in the absence of serum bicarbonate measurements. 2. If labor stalls for more than 2 hours, consult your veterinarian. In one survey (253 whelpings, 1,671 pups born), a high frequency . 500 to 2000 mg orally 2 to 4 times a day. The dosage of calcium can be gradually tapered to avoid unnecessary treatment; commercial pet food usually contains sufficient calcium to meet the needs of dogs and cats. For example, a 5 kg dog needs 250 mg of calcium per day. Administer by intravenous, subcutaneous or intraperitoneal injection using proper aseptic techniques. Give boluses over 5 minutes as faster administration can cause hypotension, atrioventricular dissociation, and ventricular fibrillation. o Add prescribed dose to 24-hour compatible maintenance fluid Example preparation o Make up to total of 100 mL with compatible maintenance fluid (in a burette) Cascara sagrada extract . 250-500 mL. The effects of bicarbonate and glucose/insulin are more sustained then calcium gluconate but must be repeated as clinical circumstances dictate until the potassium load is alleviated. A presumptive diagnosis is based on signalment and clinical signs; confirmation requires measurement of serum calcium concentration. For this reason, calcium must be monitored frequently, and owners should be made aware of the clinical signs of hypocalcemia. Calcium gluconate is available in 500 975 mg calcium gluconate (45-90 mg of elemental calcium) tablets. a light-headed feeling, like you might pass out; high levels of calcium in your blood--nausea, vomiting, constipation, increased thirst or urination, muscle weakness, bone pain, confusion, lack of energy, or feeling tired. Along with vitamin D, calcium supplementation must be given. Hemodialysis eliminates potassium from both extracellular and intracellular pools and provides the most effective way to alleviate excessive potassium loads. Hypocalcemia may also occur during parturition and may precipitate dystocia. Calcium Gluconate Injection is supplied in single-dose vials and pharmacy bulk packages [see Dosage and Administration (2.6)]. Furosemide can also be used to promote urinary calcium loss. Medium dogs: 2 grams to 4 grams per day. Other dogs will experience a mild stomach upset. Calcium gluconate should not be used in animals with known hypersensitivity to it. To immediately resolve these threats, calcium gluconate (10% solution) is administered at 0.5-1.0 ml/kg as a slow intravenous bolus over 10-15 minutes to increase the threshold potential for cardiac excitation. Cardiac arrest in the presence of hyperkalemia or hypocalcemia, magnesium toxicity, or calcium antagonist toxicity: IV: (Dose expressed in mg of calcium gluconate): Calcium gluconate is approved for use in humans and cattle, horses, swine, sheep, cats, and dogs (depending on the product). Calcium can be given as either calcium gluconate or calcium chloride. Please confirm that you are a health care professional. In patients with acute symptomatic hypocalcemia, intravenous (IV) calcium gluconate is the preferred therapy, whereas chronic hypocalcemia is treated with oral calcium and vitamin D supplements. Hypocalcemia most likely results from loss of calcium into the milk and from inadequate dietary calcium intake. Fluid therapy via intravenous could be needed; this may also include medications to promote a bowel movement, increase urine production, ease nausea, and stabilize blood calcium levels. Small dogs can receive 500 mg, medium sized dogs 750 to 1000 mg and larger dogs 2000 mg. As a calcium supplement, common dosage ranges include: Cats: 1250 mg to 2 grams per day. Heavy panting may produce a respiratory alkalosis. A randomized prospective study in both children and dogs compared ionization of calcium chloride and calcium gluconate. For dogs with dystocia, 1 mL of 10% solution per 10 pounds (4.5 kg) body weight may be given subcutaneously. In my experience, the first clinical sign of post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia is anorexia. In primary hypoparathyroidism, the parathyroid glands are destroyed by immune-mediated mechanisms, rendering the response to hypocalcemia impossible. Calcium chloride is not appropriate because of its potency, acidifying tendency, and irritation if injected extravascularly. Moderate hyperkalemia (6.0-8.0 mmol/L) may resolve spontaneously with the onset or induction of a diuresis. This is a much briefer period than that observed with the use of dihydrotachysterol (13 weeks) or ergocalciferol (vitamin D2; 118 weeks). Granular dosage forms containing . BID calcitriol is reduced to once a day treatment, then to every other day treatment, then to every 4 day treatment. Oral calcium supplementation during gestation is not indicated and may cause rather than prevent postpartum hypocalcemia. Bicarbonate administration increases extracellular pH which translocates potassium into cells in exchange for hydrogen ions. In: Hall JE, ed. For animals manifesting hyperkalemia associated with oral or enteral feeding of commercial renal diets, it is necessary to have a home-cooked diet formulated by a veterinary clinical nutritionist that contains a reduced potassium content. The low concentration of calcium in the extracellular fluid has an excitatory effect on nerve and muscle cells because it lowers the threshold potential (voltage level at which sodium channels become activated) so that it is closer to the resting membrane potential. Calcium gluconate may be used as follows: Calcium gluconate may interact with other medications. The most common type of iatrogenic hypoparathyroidism, however, is associated with thyroidectomy for treatment of feline hyperthyroidism. This product contains no preservative. Doses may be repeated every 1 to 3 days as needed and tolerated to normalize the serum calcium level. If given in a larger dose or too rapidly, the calcium may cause severe drop in the heart rate followed by a hard-to-control arrhythmia. In dogs with hypocalcemia, the usual dose is 25 to 75 mg per pound (50 to 150 mg/kg) of 10% calcium gluconate solution slowly by intravenous injection with careful monitoring of the heart rate. Calcium gluconate injection is given as an infusion into a vein. Not all possible drug interactions are listed here. In cats, the dosage of calcium is ~0.51 g/day, in divided doses. The daily dose of calcium should be based on the amount of . Calcium Gluconate 23% Injection Indications, Warnings and cautions for Calcium Gluconate 23% Injection, Direction and dosage information for Calcium Gluconate 23% Injection. In these cases, ionized calcium concentrations are normal. Toxicity from the consumption of excessive amounts of Vitamin D3, as well as elevated blood calcium levels, can result. Generic name: calcium gluconate (oral/injection) [KAL-see-um-GLUE-koe-nate]. However, in many cases IV treatment with calcium is started before serum calcium concentration is known. Use to remove results with certain terms 1 to 6 months: 210 mg/day Differential diagnoses include other causes of seizures, such as hypoglycemia, toxicoses, and primary neurologic disorders such as idiopathic epilepsy Congenital and Inherited Cerebral Disorders in Animals Anencephaly means that the brain is largely absent at birth. Blood markers, electrolyte levels, and kidney and liver function will be monitored because all must be normal before your pet can be released from the hospital. Some cats require post-operative supplementation for up to 6 months, but eventually normal parathyroid gland function returns. Adequate intake (AI): (Dosage is in terms of elemental calcium): Muscle relaxation should be immediate. Sacramento, CA, Hyperkalemia in Animals with Renal Disease. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2018.02.010. Also see pet health content regarding disorders of calcium metabolism in dogs Disorders of Calcium Metabolism in Dogs Calcium is an essential component of the skeleton, and it has important functions in muscle contraction, blood clotting, enzyme activity, the nervous system, and hormone release, among others read more and cats Disorders of Calcium Metabolism in Cats Calcium is an essential component of the skeleton, and it has important functions in muscle contraction, blood clotting, enzyme activity, the nervous system, and hormone release, among others read more . In contrast to medical treatments for hyperkalemia which merely shift extracellular potassium to intracellular pools or antagonize its neuromuscular toxicity, long-term control is directed to elimination of the existing and ongoing potassium load. Calcium Chloride Injection is indicated for use in Cardio-pulmonary Resuscitation where there is also hyperkalaemia or hypocalcaemia or calcium channel block toxicity. We comply with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information. Class of drug. Bone meal has also been used as a calcium source; however, the effects are similar when compared to the manufactured . The small osteoclast pool results from feeding a high concentration of dietary calcium during the nonlactating period, which suppresses secretion of PTH by the parathyroid gland and stimulates secretion of calcitonin by parafollicular C cells. During this period, they should be fed a milk substitute or other appropriate diet; if mature enough, they should be weaned. There are usually no signs due to hypercalcemia itself. Some products with added calcium and Vitamin D which could also be palatable to your dog are Tums tablets and Citracal gummies. Other causes of irritability and hyperthermia, such as metritis Metritis in Small Animals Metritis is postpartem infection of the uterus. Treatment of hypercalcemia associated with Addison's disease is not necessary. 2.2 Recommended Dosage . The calcium would not cause harm at this low dose. With hypocalcemia, sodium channels become activated (opened) by very little increase in membrane potential from their normal, negative level. Many drugs can interact with calcium gluconate, especially: This list is not complete and many other drugs may interact with calcium gluconate. . This dose may be repeated as necessary in cases of extreme hyperkalemia cardiotoxicity when P waves are absent, the QRS complexes are widened, and when continuous ECG monitoring is available. Correction:This paper has been updated to correct the calcitriol dose units, which should have been mcg/kg/day (ng/kg/day), not mg/kg/day. Membrane potentials and action potentials. Calcium gluconate may act as an irritant to the skin, eye or respiratory systems. Most owners lack medical knowledge regarding the birthing process . Route of administration is IM or ICe. Hypocalcemia is the medical term meaning low levels of calcium. Recent studies have shown equal efficacy for hypertonic sodium chloride and sodium bicarbonate to reduce serum potassium and to counteract its cardiac toxicity in experimental dogs with induced hyperkalemia and may be useful in dogs with concurrent hyperkalemia and metabolic alkalosis. Calcitriol has a rapid onset of action (14 days) and a short half-life (<1 day). 60 to 100 mg/kg/dose; may repeat in 10 minutes if necessary. This is administered at the vets only. followed by 2-3 g of dextrose/unit of insulin (for urinary tract obstruction but not hypoadrenocorticism). Gonzales K. Periparturient Diseases in the Dam. The breed of dog is also a consideration. To treat the primary condition, surgical parathyroidectomy is indicated. Copyright 2023 Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA and its affiliates. Dosage may be repeated after several hours if required, or as recommended by your veterinarian. Updated: 2023-02-28. Alternatively, regular insulin can be given at 0.25-1.0 units/kg IV in combination with intravenous glucose at 1-2 g/unit of administered insulin. Intravenous administration is recommended for treatment of acute conditions. The cause remains unknown but could involve dialysis induced disruptions of cellular potassium or volume regulation, excessive dietary potassium load, or altered potassium regulation associated with severe chronic uremia. Calcium gluconate works best if you take it with food. Hypocalcemia is less common than hypercalcemia, and is often actually pseudohypocalcemia associated with hypoalbuminemia. If your product contains calcium citrate, then it may be taken with or without food. Usually, hypercalcemic animals have no clinical signs other than those referable to the underlying disease causing the calcium derangement. Last updated on Jun 22, 2022. Dog grass . Cats, do not exceed 1mL per dose. SeeCalcium Acetate forcontraindications, . If you suspect that your pet has consumed a large number of your calcium supplement chews or tablets, or if you have been adding supplements to his diet and notice that he is drinking excessively, is lethargic, or seems depressed, these signs along with other behavioral changes indicate that your dog should be seen by the veterinarian. Calcium borogluconate is preferred to calcium gluconate because it is more soluble (Budavari, 1996). The usual daily dosage ranges from 1000 to 15,000 mg (10 to 150 mL) in divided doses or as a continuous infusion. Because the pituitary gland may also be absent, prolonged read more or meningoencephalitis Meningitis, Encephalitis, and Encephalomyelitis in Animals Meningitis, encephalitis, and encephalomyelitis are terms used to describe inflammatory conditions of the meninges, brain, or brain and spinal cord, respectively. Calcium gluconate contains 9% calcium, and 1 g yields 4.5 mEq. Historically, the bitch has been otherwise healthy and the neonates have been thriving. Calcium D-gluconate Calcium hexagluconate Calglucol Calglucon D-Gluconic acid, calcium salt (2:1) (9CI) Dragocal Ebucin . This calcium preparation must be given slowly and the veterinarian should monitor for cardiac arrhythmia. DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION . Calcium chloride contains three . Hypocalcemia may also occur during parturition and may precipitate dystocia. Treatment should be withdrawn slowly and ionized calcium measurements should be monitored periodically. The resin exchanges sodium for potassium secreted into the intestinal lumen to promote increased intestinal potassium clearance. It is employed to treat hypocalcemia and conditions in which the physiological effects of increasing the plasma calcium level are likely to be beneficial to the animal. In anticipation of this problem, vitamin D should be administered beginning two days prior to surgery and for a variable period afterwards. No changes were observed in general appearance or in the urine of either . Cautions: Consult your veterinarian for re-evaluation of diagnosis and therapeutic plan if there is no improvement in 24 hours. While generally safe and effective when prescribed by a veterinarian, calcium gluconate can cause side effects in some animals. Hyperkalemia has become recognized in animals undergoing extended hemodialysis. . is 13% calcium, and 1 g yields 6.5 mEq. Tachycardia, hyperthermia, polyuria, polydipsia, and vomiting sometimes occur. It may be administered on an emergency basis at a dosage of 0.5 to 1.5 mL/kg, diluted and given over several minutes, or it is added to . I prefer to withdraw treatment gradually at 2-week intervals beginning with the vitamin D therapy. Excessive amounts can cause symptoms like vomiting, gastrointestinal irritation, and thirst. Electrocardiography can show wide T waves, as well as prolongation of ST and QT intervals. CBC and urinalysis findings are usually normal. Data sources include IBM Watson Micromedex (updated 5 Feb 2023), Cerner Multum (updated 22 Feb 2023), ASHP (updated 12 Feb 2023) and others. These inflammatory processes read more . . Dogs up to 20 lb, 2 mL initial dose; 1 mL per dose thereafter. Calcium gluconate, 10%, contains 9.3 mg of elemental calcium/mL. over 20-30 min or Soluble insulin: 0.5 IU/kg i.v. Your dose needs may be different during pregnancy or while you are nursing. A commercially available human intact-PTH assay has been validated in both cats and dogs; PTH-calcium curves are also similar in cats and dogs. Recommended daily allowance (RDA): (Dosage is in terms of elemental calcium): Animalytix assumes no liability, and each user assumes full risk, responsibility, and liability, related to its use of the Animalytix service and data. Severe hyperkalemia (> 8 mmol/L) is associated with life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias and conduction disturbances which are accentuated by the rate of increases in serum potassium and the degree of hyponatremia. Calcium gluconate. Hyperkalemia is a more prevalent and serious feature of acute uremia in cats with the increasing prevalence of acute ureteral obstruction over the past 10 years. Inadequate production of parathyroid hormone (PTH) during the hypocalcemic crisis is not responsible for eclampsia in dogs. Causes include maternal factors (uterine inertia, inadequate size of birth canal) and/or fetal factors (oversized fetus, abnormal orientation as the fetus enters the birth canal). Clinical signs like frequent urination, information provided by you as to your pets history (previous illnesses, current medications, or knowledge of intake of supplements), and a physical examination will all add to the quick diagnosis by the veterinarian. A serum biochemical analysis is useful to exclude concurrent hypoglycemia and other electrolyte imbalances. Mild tremors, twitching, muscle spasms, and gait changes (stiffness and ataxia) result from increased neuromuscular excitability. In some cases, however, signs of hypercalcemia are present, and include polyuria/polydipsia (this is the most common sign), constipation, vomiting, anorexia, neurological signs, muscle wasting, fatigue, and, if calcium containing uroliths are present due to longstanding hypercalciuria, lower urinary tract signs can be present. Cows often have concurrent mild hypermagnesemia. IV: In dogs, the dosage is usually 14 g/day, in divided doses. Mineral. The etiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic approach to hypocalcemia are reviewed . Ether . The intravenous calcium should be administered slowly, carefully and in the right amount (usually dogs need 1 milliliter of 10% calcium gluconate per kilo). Tell your doctor about all your current medicines. Compared to the typical potassium content of commercial renal diets of approximately1.6 mg per 1000 kcal of metabolizable energy, a home formulated diet containing <0.9 mg per 1000 kcal metaabolizable energy will generally control persisting hyperkalemia. Natural calcified seaweed sourced from Iceland. Calcium is involved in several important biological processes. All rights reserved. The dose is 0.03 to 0.06 mcg/kg/day (30 to 60 ng/kg/day) divided BID. The bottom line, however, is that hypercalcemia of Addison's disease is usually mild, and the ionized calcium concentration is usually normal. Cases of calcium supplements poisoning most often result when a canine family member discovers a supply of human calcium chews. Calcium gluconate 10% solution versus calcium chloride, may be recommended due to a perception that the former is of somewhat lesser (but not without) risk for tissue injury if inadvertent extravasation occurs. Calcium: 50-150 mg/kg calcium (boro)gluconate = 0.5-1.5 ml/kg of a 10% solution i.v. Ten children scheduled for burn Prolongation of the QT interval and ventricular premature contractions may be evident on an ECG. Infants and Children: 200 to 500 mg/kg/day as a continuous infusion or in 4 divided doses Oral: Recommended calcium products include: Oral Cal Plus - for quick dosing that absorbs as soon as it hit's the dog's cheek - and Dr. Roys Healthy Bones. DHT is the precursor to active vitamin D (1, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, or aka vitamin D3), and must be hydroxylated in the kidney to become active. This material is provided for educational purposes only and is not intended for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Compare top pet insurance plans. In some cases, when the litter is large, or if the new mom belongs to a toy breed, calcium may become scarce, causing a serious condition called eclampsia, also known as Canine Hypocalcemia or . Mild hyperkalemia (< 6.0 mmol/L) is rarely problematic but should be monitored at 8 to 12 hour intervals. high levels of calcium in your blood-- nausea, vomiting, constipation, increased thirst or urination, muscle weakness, bone pain, confusion, lack of energy, or feeling tired. Find custom compounded calcium gluconate medication for animals and articles with calcium gluconate information from Wedgewood Pharmacy, a leading veterinary pharmacy.